INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM

Name        ፦  zala Shivangiba s.

Year          ፦ F.Y.B.A

Subject     ፦ ENGLISH

Paper        ፦  IKS (INDIAN KNOWLEDGE 
Name.            SYSTEM)

Semester ፦  1

Professor ፦  Shivani ma'am 

Name of    ፦  maharani shree nandkuvarba 
College        mahila arts and commerce                             College 



                    ESSAY  


➡  OTHER  DHARMIK TRADITION 

             Other dharmik tradition have stayed out of Vedic frameworks but have great contribution towards iks . in these religions philosophical and other domains . There are two religious literature and they are Buddhist literature and Jain literature . Both the literature have contributed right from 500 bce to iks there are such religions and their philosophical part which are going on according to their rules and ethics . Other literature has applications in areas of science , technology and other areas. Buddhist religion work like Nagarjuna , rasratnakara and etc. the contribute in literature in many ways .
        The Jain sacred literature consists of religious text They considered mathematics as an integral part of literature And have dedicated  ' Ganitãnuyoga 'and they studied ' tattvãrthã ' sūtra , composed by umãsvãti 
The Jain religion also plays an vital role towards the tradition and literature in IKS Jains also give vital contribution towards IKS in the form of mathematics



                     Home Assignment 


➡ Bharat's exposition on rasa theory 


• There are 6 branches are there in indian poetics and asthetics
 1st ..auchitya
2n rasa
3rd alankara
 4th vriti
 5th vakkrakati
6th dhwani


•  (Introduction...) 

Rasa is one of the branch from the furthur branches
➡ " रसयते अनेन इति रस "
....Rasa is established by sage bharatb(bharat muni) ...who is the author of natyashastra...
as he writes the sloka in Sanskrit language and mano mohan Ghosh has translated it to English language... as Rasa is the way to understand litrature...as rasa is a soul of any litrature , No meaning can be rendered in absence of rasa
 Litrature can not produce when rasa is absent ... 



(Define) 

• The famous definition of rasa in the aphoristic form is given in the 6th chapter in natyaShastra called rasa sutra ...

➡ The rasa sutra are...
 विभव अनुभव व्यभीचारीभाव संयोगद् रसनिष्पति

It means. The three bhavas...by which we can understand rasa as well
...Rasa is accomplished as a result of the conjunction of vibhav anubhav and vyabhicaribhav

 ➡ The three main bhavas are 

1st vibhav (विभव )

2nd anubhav( अनुभव)

3rd vyabhicaribhav or sanvaribhav (व्यभिचारीभाव / सनचारी)

:⁠- Let's see in detail about three bhavas

• The very First bhav is vibhav ... 
vibhav means cause it has
 two types :⁠-
                      ¹. alambana and
                      ². uddipan vibhav... 

1st) .. alambana vibhav... As it is the first type of vibhav and it means a person or persons with reference to whom the emotion is manifested 

2nd) ... As it is the second type of vibha and it means circumstances that have excited the emotion in Seeker

•  The second bhav is Anubhav ......Anubhav means in such bodily expression by which the emotion is expressed ...
 it shows physical expression of an emotion ...
we get Rasa from Anubhav by physical movements ,gesture , facial expression in etc

• The third and the last bhav is vyabhichari bhav ..
It is also known as sancari Bhav or transitory mental state .
as it arise dominant emotion in the Seeker .....
it is fleeting emotion that contribute overall experience of rasa

➡ Let's see the three bhavas which shows dominant emotion. 

1st ) ....sthayi bhav 
2nd)..... vyabhicaribhav 
3rd) .... Satvik bhav ..

• Let us understand their constant emotional state that are given and what they evokes corresponding RasaThere are three kind of bhavas ...

 ➡ 1st }.... sthayibhav 

* 1st ) ..Rati (love) {in union or in separation} ..that evokes srngãra(erotic) rasa

* 2nd ) Hasa (smile ) that evokes hasya rasa ....it has 6 types. They are ...
 
* ¹ smita..
* ² hasita..
* ³ vihasita
* ⁴ uphasita
* ⁵ aphasita
* ⁶ atihasita


* 3rd ) shoka evokes karun (pathetic )rasa 

* 4th ) krodha (anger) it evokes raudra(furious) rasa.

* 5th ) Utsah evokes vir (heroic) rasa

* 6th ) ..Bhaya (fear) that evokes bhayanak (terrible) rasa

* 7th ) jugupsa evokes vibhatsa(disgust) rasa

* 8th ) vismaya evokes adbhuta (marvellous) rasa

* 9th ) sama evokes Shanta (peace / tranguility ) rasa { as 9th rasa is given by Abhinav Gupta in his book Abhinav Bharati } 

➡ 2nd } .... Vyabhichari or sanchari bhav there are 33 dominant emotion are given...let us see few of them ...


* 1st ) Sanka evokes doubt 

* 2nd ) srama evokes tiredness 

* 3rd ) alasya evokes laziness.   

* 4th ) cinta evokes worry 

* 5th ) Moha evokes confusion 

* 6th ) smriti evokes memory 

* 7th ) harsh evokes pleasure 

* 8th ) garva evokes Pride



➡ 3rd } satvik bhav 
There are 8 dominant emotion 

* 1st ) ..seeda 

* 2nd ) stambha

* 3rd ) kampa

* 4th ) asru

* 5th ) vaivarnya

* 6th ) romanch

* 7th ) sverbheda

* 8th ) pralaya
Let us see in detail about Rasa Nishpathy or rasa rialization 

* According to Bharat Muni it is From a combination of bhava in the verb that rasa can be roughly translated as psychophysiological State in our mind and they are in three kinds they are sthayi bhav , vyabhichari or sancari Bhav and satvik bhav 

• ¹ Sthayi bhav → It means stable or permanent state which are dominant as it along vyabhicari bhav or sanchari bhav for example fear anger Panic Etc 

² vyabhicari bhav /sancari Bhav → As it is transitory mental state It state is in series it have one from to Second and from second to third as it also feed dominant emotion


³ satvik bhav → It is similar to vyabhicari for example a tiger in a forest can be cause of fear in a lonely traveler , In this case the tiger and the man's loneliness can be consider the Vibhava which generate fear... The consequences of effect of fear will be the many like trembling , horiplation , paralysis Etc

These are known as Anubhava with these combination the Rasa named fear or bhayanak is manifested 

➡. Conclusion ... Hence these are the bharatas Exposition of rasa And information of rasa Theory A relation to Indian poetics and Rasa Aesthetics

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